The images of the nanoparticles are taken with Transmission Electron Microscope Thermo Scientific TALOS F200X operating at the accelerating voltage of 200kV with 2048-megapixel camera. High-resolution imaging is available as well as the compositional analysis and elemental mapping by Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The images are analyzed to evaluate nanoparticles mean size and standard deviation
DLS measurements of the hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles in the solution and measurements of Zeta-potential, which characterizes the effective electric charge of the nanoparticles surface, are made with Malvern ZS Pro. The analysis of UV-visible spectra of the nanoparticles are performed with Thermo Scientific Evolution 220 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer in the range of 200-1100nm in 1nm steps
The concentration of metals is analyzed with PerkinElmer NexION 2000P+ ICP-MS. For the samples requiring digestion, the microwave-assisted digestion in PerkinElmer Titan MPS 8 sample preparation system is performed, to assure complete dissolution.
Separate analysis of the nanoparticles and the ionic fraction is performed by using Single Particle Mode, which also allows analyzing the mixtures of nanoparticles having different sizes and obtaining their number concentrations and size distributions based on ICP data